Partially nested designs, or PNDs, are a prevalent feature of intervention studies in the fields of psychology and related social sciences. Selleckchem Lixisenatide The design employs individual-level assignment to treatment and control groups, yet clustering occurs in some groups, including the treatment group in some cases. There has been substantial enhancement in the strategies for analyzing data sourced from PNDs in recent years. Further study into causal inference for PNDs, with a specific focus on situations involving nonrandomized treatment assignments, is warranted due to the current limited research. Employing the expanded potential outcomes framework, this current study aimed to narrow the research gap by defining and identifying the average causal treatment effects in PNDs. Using the identified factors as a foundation, we created outcome models for estimating treatment impacts with a causal lens, subsequently evaluating how different model setups impacted these causal interpretations. Our development encompassed an inverse propensity weighted (IPW) estimation method, and we further formulated a sandwich-type standard error estimator for the resulting IPW-based estimate. Following our simulation studies, the application of outcome modeling and inverse probability weighting (IPW) methods, as dictated by the identification analysis, demonstrated the generation of robust estimates and inferences for average causal treatment effects. The Pregnant Moms' Empowerment Program's real-life pilot study served as a case study for the illustration of the suggested approaches. The current investigation offers guidance and insights into causal inference for PNDs, expanding researchers' capabilities in estimating treatment effects with PNDs. This PsycINFO database record, copyright 2023 APA, holds exclusive rights.

College students often pre-game, a particularly risky drinking behavior, frequently causing elevated blood alcohol levels and subsequent negative alcohol-related consequences. Nonetheless, there is a deficiency in the development of targeted interventions aimed at mitigating the hazards linked to pre-party activities. This investigation developed and evaluated the effectiveness of a concise, mobile-based intervention against heavy drinking during pre-gaming among college students. This intervention is known as 'Pregaming Awareness in College Environments' (PACE).
The development of PACE involved two innovative elements: a mobile application that promoted easier intervention access and custom pregaming content presented through a harm reduction strategy, which further included cognitive-behavioral skills training. Following development and rigorous testing, a randomized clinical trial was undertaken involving 485 college students who had engaged in pregaming at least once weekly during the preceding month.
1998's data displayed a 522% representation of minoritized racial and/or ethnic groups, and a remarkable 656% representation of females. The participants were assigned, in a random manner, to the PACE program.
The option of 242 or a website designed for control conditions.
Within the comprehensive dataset (243), general information about the impact of alcohol was presented. An analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of the intervention on alcohol consumption during pre-gaming, overall alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related outcomes at the 6-week and 14-week post-intervention time points.
Though participants in both conditions lessened their consumption, the PACE intervention produced small but substantial positive results at the six-week mark for total drinking days, pregaming occasions, and alcohol-related difficulties.
The brief mobile PACE intervention suggests a potential for curbing risky drinking behaviors among college students; however, enhanced and more intensive interventions specifically designed to address the pregaming period might be necessary to achieve enduring and substantial improvements. This PsycINFO database record, copyright held by APA in 2023, maintains all rights.
The observed potential of the mobile PACE intervention in addressing risky drinking among college students suggests that more intensive, pregaming-oriented strategies might be required to generate enduring improvements. For the PsycINFO database record of 2023, all rights are held exclusively by the APA.

The 2020 Journal of Experimental Psychology General article, “Evaluation of an action's effectiveness by the motor system in a dynamic environment,” by Eitan Hemed, Shirel Bakbani-Elkayam, Andrei R. Teodorescu, Lilach Yona, and Baruch Eitam (Vol 149[5], 935-948), provides a clarification of previous research. Selleckchem Lixisenatide A confounding variable is identified in the authors' reported data analysis. Experiments 1 and 2, after correction of errors (as detailed in the ANOVAs, t-tests, and figures in Hemed & Eitam, 2022), exhibit altered results, yet the key theoretical claim remains unchanged. This abstract of the original article, documented in record 2019-62255-001, is presented here. To explain the human feeling of agency, the Comparator model employs concepts that resonate with those used for effective motor control. The model articulates the brain's calculation of the degree of control over the environment that a specific motor program (in other words, an action's effectiveness) affords. In spite of its current specifications, the model's portrayal of the dynamic updating of action effectiveness predictions is unclear at best. The issue was empirically investigated by having participants execute multiple experimental task blocks (which consistently measure reinforcement based on effectiveness), alternating blocks with and without action-effects (or ones exhibiting spatially unpredictable feedback). Participants were unable to detect the sinusoidal-like objective increase or decrease in effectiveness, which was quantified by the probability of feedback after n trials. Based on prior research, response speed has been shown to be a function of effectiveness, which in turn increases reinforcement. The effectiveness reinforcement is demonstrably influenced by both the magnitude and trajectory of effectiveness; specifically, reinforcement is responsive to whether effectiveness is escalating, diminishing, or remaining constant. Considering the established relationships between reinforcement derived from effectiveness and the motor system's computation of effectiveness, the results uniquely reveal an online, dynamic, and complex responsiveness to a motor program's effectiveness, directly impacting its output. This paper explores the significance of testing the sense of agency, often called that, in a changing environment and discusses the broader implications of these findings for a dominant model of the sense of agency. APA holds all rights reserved for PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2023.

Within the vulnerable population of trauma-affected individuals, particularly veterans and military personnel, problem anger emerges as a common and potentially destructive mental health issue, affecting as much as 30% of this group. Problems with anger are intertwined with a variety of psychosocial and functional impairments, and a heightened risk of self-harm and harm to others. Understanding the micro-level fluctuations of emotions is increasingly aided by the application of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and this provides critical data for developing bespoke treatment programs. A data-focused approach combined with sequence analysis determined whether heterogeneity in anger experiences exists amongst veterans with anger problems, based on EMA-captured data reflecting anger intensity. Four daily prompts were part of a 10-day EMA program undertaken by 60 veterans (mean age 40.28 years), who presented with anger issues. The data allowed us to identify four veteran subtypes with significantly different patterns in anger intensity, patterns which matched macro-level indicators of anger and well-being. A synthesis of these findings underscores the critical role of microlevel mood state investigations in clinical populations, sometimes warranting the novel application of sequence analysis. This PsycINFO database record from 2023, with all rights reserved by the APA, should be returned.

Individuals are believed to benefit from emotional acceptance to uphold their mental health effectively. Conversely, the exploration of emotional acceptance in senior citizens, whose abilities, especially executive function, might weaken, is comparatively limited. Selleckchem Lixisenatide This study, conducted in a laboratory setting, examined whether emotional acceptance, including detachment and positive reappraisal, influenced the link between executive functioning and mental health symptoms within a sample of healthy older adults. Emotional regulation approaches were evaluated via questionnaires (employing validated instruments) and performance-based methods (requiring individuals to implement emotional acceptance, detachment, and positive reappraisal in reaction to sad film clips). A battery of working memory, inhibition, and verbal fluency tasks constituted the measurement of executive functioning. Questionnaires assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms were utilized to measure the presence of mental health symptoms. The results demonstrated that emotional acceptance acted to mediate the connection between executive function and mental health, meaning that lower levels of executive functioning were associated with elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms, however, only when emotional acceptance was at a low level and not a high one. Emotional acceptance demonstrated a tendency towards stronger moderation effects relative to alternative emotion regulation techniques, although statistical significance wasn't uniformly achieved across all comparisons. When demographic factors, including age, gender, and education, were controlled, robust outcomes were observed for questionnaire-based, but not performance-based, emotional acceptance. Research findings regarding the particularities of regulating emotions are advanced by this study, with a focus on the link between emotional acceptance and mental health benefits, particularly in cases of low executive functioning. The APA retains all rights to the 2023 PsycINFO database record.